Table of Content

25 April 2019, Volume 28 Issue 4

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Theory Analysis and Methodology Study

Pricing Decisions of Dual-channel Supply Chain Based on Different Financing Methods

SHI Si-yu, SUN Jing-chun

2019, 28(4):  1-8.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0073

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We consider a dual-channel supply chain with one manufacture as the leader, and one budget constraint retailer as the follower. We obtain the optimal pricing decisions by building Stackelberg game models on the basis of different pricing schemes when the retailer respectively uses bank credit and delay in payment to solve the funding problem, and then analyze the impacts of retail market share and interest rates on the results. We find that, the variation tendency of decision outcomes with the retail market share is consistent with different financing methods. When the prices in dual channel are not unified, the direct price will increase with the interest rate of bank loan if the retail market share is relatively large and the interest rate is relatively high. Meanwhile, the retail price and the direct price are not affected by the interest rate of delay in payment. When the prices of dual channel are unified, the selling price will increase with the interest rate of bank loan if the retail market share is relatively small. Also, it is not associated with the interest rate of delay in payment.

Optimal Method of Emergency Alternatives Based on the Situation Difference

YANG Nai-ding, LEI Ting

2019, 28(4):  9-16.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0074

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The selection of emergency alternative affects the efficiency of risk decision making. At present, the mainstream emergency alternative generation methods can be divided into four kinds: “Case-based reasoning”, “Computer algorithm reasoning”, “Prospect theory”and“Multi-factor mathematical model”. According to the differences in emergency decision-making scenarios on the option to choose emergency alternatives, decision needs to be made by designing the optimization based on the emergency alternative generating methods, clearance in different types of emergency decision elements combination, and the applicability of different generation methods, thus alleviating the dilemma of emergency alternative generating method to multiple types of emergencies.

Matching Method for Medical Service Considering the Personalized Demand of Patients

GAO Yu-xuan, DU Yue-ping, SUN Bing-zhen, WANG Rui

2019, 28(4):  17-25.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0075

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With the rapid development of medical service career in China, how to promote the matching efficiency between doctors and patients in the internet health platform has become one of the most important issues in medical service. Aimed at the two-sided matching decision making problem considering the personalized demand of patients, a novel decision-making method is proposed in this paper. First, several definitions for the stability and satisfaction regarding the matching alternative are given. On the basis, the satisfaction degrees of patients to doctors are subsequently calculated according to the personalized demand of patients. Then, the satisfaction degrees of doctors to patients are calculated according to the expectations of the doctors with the actual evaluations of the patients. Furthermore, a two-sided decision-making matching model regarding the maximum objectives of satisfied, stable and familiar is built. By using proposed changeable step algorithm, the optimal matching alternative can be determined. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of proposed method.

Optimizing Decision Method of Rural Land Circulation Based on Group Consensus

HUANG Hai-tang, WU Jian, TENG Jian-lun, CAI Chuang-neng

2019, 28(4):  26-32.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0076

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Rural land circulation involves the psychological expectations of government departments and the interest reference points of contracting enterprises. If the two do not reach a consensus, it is difficult to achieve the rural land circulation Pareto improvement. This paper mainly studies the process of reaching consensus between these two sides of the circulation in the group evolution game and the mechanism of optimizing the existing land efficiency. On the basis of considering the expectation value of heterogeneous accumulation prospects of both sides, simulation is used to study the game evolution process between the government and enterprises, and it is found that under the condition that both parties’ psychological expectations are satisfied, the group can reach a consensus and the rural land transfer efficiency is the highest.

An Approach to Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making Based on the New Interval Type-2 Trapezoidal Fuzzy Similarity Measure

WANG Feng, PING Yi-nan, ZHOU Li-gang, CHEN Hua-you

2019, 28(4):  33-41.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0077

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A new interval type-2 trapezoidal fuzzy similarity measure is proposed on the basis of the perimeters, areas and negative exponential distances of the interval type-2 trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, and then some desirable properties of the new similarity are investigated. Moreover, two models to determine interval type-2 trapezoidal fuzzy expert weights and attribute weights are constructed by using the new similarity measure. Furthermore, a new fuzzy multiple attribute group decision making approach is presented based on the new interval two trapezoidal fuzzy similarity measure . In the end, an example is given to show the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Game Analysis of Cooperation Advertising in Dual-supply Chain under Different Decision-making Models

QIAN Ping-ping, YAN Lei, LI Min

2019, 28(4):  42-47.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0078

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This paper analyzes cooperative advertising in non-cooperation advertising model, cooperation advertising model and alliance model in dual-supply chain respectively. By deriving and comparing the equilibrium solutions of different decision-making models, we find that online advertising expenditure is the lowest, and national advertising expenditure, retailer advertising expenditure and retail demand are the highest in the alliance model. The gross profit of cooperation advertising model and alliance model in dual-supply chain is related to the ratio of advertising negatively and the product web-fit positively.

Study of University’s Scientific Research Innovation and Management Based on Evolutionary Game

LIU Xu-wang, WANG Ding-wei, QI Wei

2019, 28(4):  48-55.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0079

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Scientific research is one of the four major functions of colleges and universities, and is also an important reflection of their comprehensive strength. It is of great importance that how the universities’ management departments prepare and implement the incentive policies. When bounded rationality is taken into consideration, firstly this paper analyzes the factors affecting the decision-making of science researchers and administrative departments. It constructs a non-cooperative game model between researchers and departments, and meanwhile it obtains the replicator dynamics equations. Secondly, it analyzes the evolution paths and factors influencing strategy selection behaviors using the idea of evolutionary game. We describe the effect of individuals’ choice of policy on group behaviors. Thirdly, to maximize clarity on these behaviors, we develop a simulation system based on the evolution process and run it several times on a Matlab GUI platform, which is convenient for adjusting relevant parameters. The simulation results make explicit a wider gamut of decision-making parameters as well as start-up variants on initial conditions that determine further(possible)evolution. The methods and results presented in this paper can enhance decision-making support of administrative departments for colleges and universities. Those bodies can then choose the best incentive strategies, in order to guide the scientific research evolving towards high-level innovation.

Empirical Research into Target Optimization of E-commerce Green Logistics Ecosystem

GUO Yue, ZHANG Yong-xin, XU Si, DING Hao-shu

2019, 28(4):  56-66.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0080

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At present, e-commerce is increasingly entering all aspects of China’s economic and social life. Both the logistics industry and e-commerce are growing at a high speed. People’s eco-environmental protection awareness has promoted the development of e-commerce green logistics system. Based on the ecosystem theory, this paper explores the organic integration of e-commerce and logistics, and discusses the influencing factors of the construction of e-commerce logistics green system,and also discusses the boundary of E-commerce logistics green ecosystem involved in it. Based on this, this paper also constructs an evaluation method combining the multi-factor target optimization model and the analytic hierarchy process for the e-commerce logistics ecosystem. In terms of the weight between the indicators, the weight of each indicator is quantified by expert inquiry combined with analytic hierarchy process. All these will evaluate the score to understand the specific performance of the firm in all aspects of the e-commerce green logistics eco-system.

Route Selection Problem in Multimodal Transportation with Traffic Congestion Considered under Low-carbon Policies

CHENG Xing-qun, JIN Chun

2019, 28(4):  67-77.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0081

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To identify the effects of low-carbon policies and road congestion on multimodal transportation path selection, multimodal transportation route selection models with congestion considered under different low-carbon polices are constructed, which further quantify the influence of congestion on system carbon emissions after considering the impact of congestion on transport time. A genetic algorithm based on elitist strategy and immigrant strategy is designed for those integer programming models. At last, numerical experiments are provided to explore the effects of four kinds of carbon emission policies(mandatory emission, carbon tax, carbon trade and carbon offset)on carbon reduction, congestion mitigation and costs of multimodal transportation. Result show that more reasonable routing decisions can be obtained when the influence of congestion on system carbon emissions is considered. In addition, the combination of several emission policies based on mandatory carbon emission policy can better reduce carbon emissions, alleviate road congestion and promote the implementation of multimodal transportation. The models may provide theoretical bases for the government to make reasonable multimodal low-carbon policies, and for the enterprises to make reasonable routing decisions.

Solve FJSP Considering Transport Time via Particle Swarm Genetic Hybrid Algorithm

TIAN Min, ZHANG Guang-jun, LIU Ren-jing

2019, 28(4):  78-88.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0082

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In some manufacturing scenarios, the transport time of jobs between different machines has great affects on the total tardiness of job-shop scheduling. Based on this, the model of the flexible job-shop scheduling problem with the minimum total tardiness is extended in this paper. According to the complexity of this model, a hybrid algorithm combining particle swarm optimization algorithm with genetic algorithm is proposed for solving this model. In initialization, the machines with the shortest processing time and transport time are given priority to being selected at a certain probability. Meanwhile, the most frequently scheduled machines should be excluded. Then excellent individuals are selected while the diversity of the swarm is kept. The crossover probability and mutation probability are adjusted dynamically with linear functions, leading the swarm to search with different strength at different stages. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to local search, which compensates the weakness of insufficient local search in genetic algorithm. Finally, the superiority of the proposed method is verified by solving flexible job-shop scheduling cases with the transport time at different levels. The total tardiness obtained by the hybrid algorithm proposed by this paper is obviously shorter than that of other algorithms.

A Semidefinite Convex Relaxation Method for Hydrothermal Coordination with Valve Point Effect

PAN Shan-shan, ZHU Yu-nan, JIAN Jin-bao

2019, 28(4):  89-93.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0083

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Hydrothermal coordination is one of optimization problems with complexity in power system. If we can well arrange the hydro and thermal resources during a scheduling period and determine an optimal generation scheduling, it can bring huge economic benefits. In reality, the wire drawing effect, occurring as each steam admission valve in a turbine starts to open, produces a valve point effect on the cost curve. Ignoring the valve point effect, to a certain extent, the accuracy of solution will be reduced. In this paper, we consider the problem about hydrothermal coordination problem with valve point effect. That is a non-convex and non-smooth with non-linear constraints issue. It is very difficult to solve it by deterministic global optimization methods. This paper uses the efficient semidefinite programming to solve this problem. Firstly, the limited periods of cost function are replaced by its primitive period. Then it is interpolated by quadratic Lagrange function. By introducing 0-1 variables, one can get the approximation of the whole cost function. Thus the problem can be relaxed into a semidefinite programming model. Finally, a convex programming application package CVX is used to solve a simulation example. Then an approximate global optimal solution is obtained.

A Study on Scheduling Coupled Activities with Minimum Total Feedback Lengths

QIAN Yan-jun, LIN Jun

2019, 28(4):  94-99.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0084

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The scheduling of coupled activities directly affects the time and cost of new product development, and thus has become a focal point of both scholars and design managers. Researchers have shown that finding an activity sequence with minimum total feedback length can significantly reduce development time. However, the feedback length minimization problem is NP-hard and hard to solve. To solve large problem instances in reasonable time, this study combines the genetic algorithm with an existing greedy heuristic, and designs a new hybrid optimization algorithm. We also systematically analyze the effect of parameters, such as crossover rate and mutation rate, on algorithm’s performance, and suggest appropriate parameter values. Experimental results indicate that the hybrid optimization algorithm greatly improves the existing greedy heuristic. Moreover, with same settings, the hybrid optimization algorithm often yields better solutions than the genetic algorithm without the greedy heuristic.

Application Researc

An Emergency Supplies Production Model Based on the Production Capacity of Suppliers

HU Zhong-quan, TIAN Jun, FENG Geng-zhong

2019, 28(4):  100-108.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0085

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The model of governments and enterprises cooperative reserving emergency supplies by option contracts can effectively deal with the problem that the quantity of stored emergency supplies is too small or too much caused by governments reserving on their own. However, due to the particularity of emergency supplies, if suppliers make production and storage plan based on make-to-order, it will inevitably cause the improvement of the inventory level, leading to the short of turnover funding and so on, which has a detrimental effect on long-term cooperation between governments and suppliers. Therefore, this paper designs an emergency supplies production model based on the production capacity of suppliers. Based on the government using wholesale-price contracts and option contracts to procure emergency supplies, the supplier can make flexible production according to production capacity and the government’s procurement decisions. After deriving the optimal decisions of the government and supplier, the paper makes the key analysis of the relevant parameters, such as option price, exercise price, expedited production cost and so on, on the decisions of the supplier. What’s more, compared with make-to-order, the model proves that it can effectively reduce the stock level of the supplier, improve the profit and the overall supply chain profit, which helps promote long-term stable cooperation between the government and supplier.

Study on the Charging Model for Precision Marketing of Third-party Data Platform

LI Xin-ming

2019, 28(4):  109-117.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0086

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Through big data analysis technology , the third-party data platform provides firms with precision marketing service. This paper studies the effects of the platform’s revenue model (the commission model and charging according to the sale volume model) on firms’ competition, platform’s profit and firms’ profits. The findings are as follows. First, the performance of the commission model depends on the commission rate; when the targeting precision is high, the commission model cannot maximize the profits of platform and firms. Second, compared to the commission model, charging according to the sale volume model enhances firms’ profits; and both platform’s and firms’ profits increase with fee parameter. Third, from the charging model selection perspective, the higher the targeting precision is, the more advantage of charging the sale volume model has; the commission model is suitable for monopoly situation while charging according to which the sale volume model works well in competing situation. Fourth, combining the commission model, charging according to the sale volume model can realize the win-win situation for both platform and firms. All these findings provide theoretic references not only for charging model selection of precision marketing driven by big data, but also for the revenue model innovation of “big data platform”.

Optimal Model of Asset-Liability-Management of Bank Based on the Dynamic Interest Rate Immunization of Interest Rate Risk

ZHOU Ying, WU Qiong

2019, 28(4):  118-129.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0087

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This paper controls the interest rate risk of multiple assets and multiple liabilities based on the immune condition of CIR dynamic duration gap and establishes a linear programming model to make the optimal allocation of bank assets. The innovation and characteristics are: Firstly, we use the time dependent dynamic interest rate duration parameter to build the interest rate risk control condition, and establish an asset liability optimization model to control interest rate risk. Through our research, this paper changes the existing research that has neglected the dynamic change of interest rate and the dynamic change of the average duration. In fact, the dynamic change of interest rate will inevitably cause the change of average duration. If we ignore the control condition of interest rate change, the control of the interest rate risk of asset allocation will not be accurate. Secondly, we allocate the bank's assets and liabilities by using the maximizing profit of bank assets as objective function, the dynamic interest rate duration gap immunization as the main constraint, and the liquidity as the constraint. Thus, we avoid not only the impact of interest rate risk on bank equity, but also the changes of interest rates damaging the bank asset owners.

The Venture Capital Financing Contract Based on CAPM

PU Yi, FANG Si-hai

2019, 28(4):  130-138.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0088

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From the portfolio perspective, considering the entrepreneur’s degree of risk aversion, the financing contract between venture capitalists and entrepreneur is applied to the CAPM framework through the definition of equivalent rate, and then the optimal financing contract design model from the point of view of risk-return is established. Through the Nash bargaining solution to describing the equilibrium solution under information asymmetry, we provide a method to design the financing contract and choose the type of venture capital for enterprises. Subsequently, we illustrate the practicability of the model by examples. The study shows that working together with venture capitalists is better than pure debt financing, and the allocation of equity depends on the bargaining power. We also find that, a less risk averse entrepreneur tends to choose the independent VCs; a more risk averse entrepreneur tends to choose the corporate VCs ; and an entrepreneur whose degree of risk aversion is not high tends to choose bank-dependent VCs if he wants to get a loan in the future.

Research into Cross-Space Risk Transfer of Energy Internet Cyber-Physical System Based on Complex Network

LI Cun-bin, ZHANG Lei, LIU Ding, SUN Run-bo

2019, 28(4):  139-147.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0089

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The energy Internet presents a trend of deep integration of physics and information, defining a new research framework for power system management research. As an advanced complex system, Energy Internet Cyber-Physical System(ECPS)faces some new challenges during the development, one of which is risk management under the coupling structure. Combining complex network theory and risk transfer theory, this paper focuses on the analysis of ECPS cross-space interaction mechanism from the perspective of topology. Based on this, the interaction path and interaction coefficient are defined. Then the ECPS cross-space risk transfer model is established to quantitatively describe the process of risk transfer and evolution, and the risk impact assessment is carried out. Finally, the risk transfer process of three types of nodes with different interaction coefficients and the crash progress of the system under different attack modes are analyzed through simulation experiments. The discussion of simulation results illustrates the characteristics of energy Internet cross-space risk transfer, which provides a reference for the further study of ECPS risk management.

Analysis of the Choice of Room Sales’ Channels of H Hotel under Multi-Marketing Channel

ZHOU Shi-ping

2019, 28(4):  148-154.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0090

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Against the background of “Internet+hotel management”, hotel room distribution channels switch from the single to the multiple. Meanwhile, the decision-making process of choosing a right channel to order room service is in uenced by price and non-price factors. Therefore, how to evaluate and rank the multi-channel sales mode of hotel rooms comprehensively considering various factors is very important for improving the revenue of hotel room sales. Based on this, the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)is used to quantify the hotel sales channels and study its application in practical decision-making. The result shows that OTA has the highest priority, followed by store bookings, official website reservations, hotel APP bookings, travel agencies, wholesalers and telephone reservations.

Selection of Government Supervision Mode during the Operational Period in PPP Projects based on Evolutionary Game Theory

GAO Ruo-lan, BAO Qin

2019, 28(4):  155-162.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0091

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During the operational period of PPP projects, private investors may engage in opportunistic behavior to pursue self-interest. In order to curb this kind of behavior, this paper analyzes the selection of government supervision mode based on the evolutionary game theory from the perspective of the government supervision. The supervision mode is classified into two types, process-and outcome-oriented supervision. The results show that the supervision mode by the governmental supervision institutions is related to the probability of identifying investors’ speculation through outcome-oriented supervision. When this probability is less than the ratio of the net profit to penalty obtained by investors, the equilibrium strategy of these two parties is (not to engage in opportunistic behavior, government outcome-oriented supervision). In contrast, there is no one evolutionarily stable strategies(ESS), and at this time the ultimate choice correlates with the initial state and their payoffs. Moreover, the effects of different parameters to the equilibrium strategy are discussed, providing a reference for decision-making of governmental supervision institutions and investors.

Expansion in the Relational Model of Similarity and Nearness in the View of Grey Panel Data

JIANG Shi-quan, LIU Si-feng, LIU Zhong-xia, FANG Zhi-geng

2019, 28(4):  163-168.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0092

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Grey panel data contain much information of the research object. Because the data type and structure are more complex, there is no correlation degree model to measure its similarity and proximity. Concerning this issue, the grey panel data are transformed into the time series behavior matrix of the sample by the projection method, and each line of the matrix is similar to the one dimension time series.Then, we define the distance measure and operation rule of the general grey number. Finally, similarity and nearness correlation coefficients are measured based on the perspective of slope and area of two fold line. Thus, the similarity and nearness relation degree model is constructed based on the grey panel data , and the properties of the model are studied. An example shows that the model has good effects on the similarity and nearness of the panel data type where the data are general grey numbers.

Management Science

Fit between Ambidextrous Leadership and Followership: A Model of Fuzzy Expert System

LUO Jin-lian, YAN Jia-qi

2019, 28(4):  169-174.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0093

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Based on model of fuzzy expert system, this paper explores the fit mechanism between three types of ambidextrous leadership(i.e. transactional leadership and transformational leadership, opening leadership and closing leadership, loose leadership and tight leadership)and six followership behaviors(i.e. respect and study, fidelity and dedication, upholding authority, understanding intention, effective communication and execution). And applying the model to analyze DR Group, we find that employees have better execution when supervisors have more “loose-tight” leadership, less “transactional-transformational” leadership and less “exploration-exploitation” leadership. The conclusion demonstrates the descriptive power of the model. This paper contributes to the effectiveness of ambidextrous leadership in different contexts from the multi-perspective, and it provides reference and suggestions for practice.

Simulation Optimization Based Solution Method for Production Batch Scheduling Problem in Steelmaking Production

GUO Zhen-he, HU Xue-song

2019, 28(4):  175-181.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0094

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This paper derives production batch scheduling problem from the steelmaking process which is characterized by high temperature, large energy consumption and complex production process. The jobs are given in families according to their production requirements. The concerned problem is to form the slabs into batch and decide the slab schedule, in order to minimize the total production costs including changeover costs between two slabs, and earliness and tardiness penalties. Then the production costs can be reduced, the production quality can be improved. For the problem, a mathematical programming model is formulated based on simulation optimization idea, with consideration of the uncertain processing time and production requirements. Based on the Strong Law of Large Number(SLLN), the model is approximated. Then the sample average approximation framework is proposed, where different sample are obtained by randomly sampling, filter and fan algorithm is proposed to solve the deterministic problem in each sample. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by the computational experiments based on practical data.

Mechanism of Government Incentives Acting on the Selection of End-of-life Vehicles Recycling Modes Based on the Perspective of CSR

ZHANG Zhi-qing, WU Mei-xia, WANG Yan-hong, WANG Jing

2019, 28(4):  182-190.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0095

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With the increasing number of end-of-life vehicles(ELV)in China, problems caused by ELV, such as traffic troubles, environmental pollution, resources waste have been serious social problems. How to design a reasonable and feasible recycling mode has become the key to solve these problems. Put dominant manufacturers as a prerequisite, a recycling model based on corporate social responsibility(CSR)is derived to study the selection of ELV recycling modes. recycling models and recycling process by manufacturers, retailers or by the third-party logistics are put forward in this paper. A numerical example was adopted to compare the strategy’s selection of the ELV recycling models in different government incentives, while CSR is considered or not in the models. The following are found through the study: (1)whether CSR is considered or not, the manufacturer select itself to recycle ELV with the increase of government incentives finally; (2)when CSR is considered, decisions will be affected by different government incentives and different decision-maker’s economic responsibility preferences. With the increase of the government incentives and the empowerment of the economic responsibility, the manufacturer’s decision is changed from the third-party logistics recycling mode or the retailer recycling mode to the manufacturer recycling mode, which shows that the government incentives and CSR have a significant influence on the selection of ELV recycling modes.

Overview

Preemptive Project Scheduling: a Literature Review

LIU Yin-bin, HU Zi-yi, LI Hong-bo, YU Mi-mi

2019, 28(4):  191-195.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2019.0096

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The resource-constrained project scheduling problem(RCPSP)is an important class of optimization problems that arises from project management practices. The classical RCPSP assumes that activities cannot be interrupted once they have been started. However, this is not always the case in real-world project management. Activity preemption is not uncommon in project management practices. In preemptive project scheduling, project duration, cost and other performance measures may be optimized by interrupting some activities and assigning the released resources to other critical activities. Due to the theoretical importance and the practice background, preemptive project scheduling problems have been attracting many research efforts. This paper presents a literature survey of the research on preemptive project scheduling. The mathematical models of preemptive project scheduling problems are provided. Representative objective functions are investigated and an example project is given to illustrate the preemptive project scheduling problem. Solution algorithms, including exact methods, heuristics and meta-heuristics, are systematically reviewed. The extensions and applications of preemptive project scheduling problems are reviewed. Some future research opportunities are also proposed.