Table of Content

25 October 2020, Volume 29 Issue 10

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Theory Analysis and Methodology Study

A Bi-level Network Interdiction Model and Tabu-search Method for Preventing Terrorist Invasion

XIANG Yin

2020, 29(10):  1-10.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0249

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With the implementation of the Belt and Road strategy, the cooperation between our country and neighbors are becoming more and more frequent, which also increases the possibility of terrorists’invasion. Thus, in order to prevent terrorists’ invasion, this paper takes terrorists’ computing powerinto account, and considers a new network interdiction problem which is in essence a security resources allocation problem in a fixed transportation network.First, we address this problem as a bi-level programming model, where the upper-level problem is associated to the government’s network design problem, and the lower-level problem belongs to the terrorists, who decide the best target and invasion routes. Second, we propose a hybridalgorithm in whichthe Tabu search is used in the upper-level problem for enumerating and updating interdict plans, and an exact algorithm is designed for solving the lower level problem when the interdict plans are fixed. Third, we apply this model to a real-world case study and present a simulation analysis. The conclusion includes: (i)The stronger the terrorist’s computing power is, the more attack risk it causes, (ii)the government’s best interdict action is affected by terrorists’ computing power, but still has some principle in common. (iii)When the resource of interdiction increases, the marginal risk decreases obviously.

Optimal Pricing for Crowdsourcing Logistics Socialized Services under Competitive Platforms

WANG Wen-jie, CHEN Ying, JIANG Shuai-jie

2020, 29(10):  11-20.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0250

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The crowdsourcing logistics platforms on Internet provide last mile delivery services for online to offline electronic commerce, with shared social human resources which could be adjusted by dynamic pricing of delivery services. Considering the price competition between the crowdsourcing logistics services platforms, the optimal pricing model for crowdsourcing logistics socialized services is created and the optimal solution is deducted with the Hamiltonian function method based on dynamic optimal theory. The optimal pricing trajectory to balance the socialized service supply and demand is studied. And, the numeric simulation results show that the increasing rate of socialized delivery services prices rises faster with more fierce competitive degree of crowdsourcing platforms. The dynamic pricing tactics of crowdsourcing logistics services could increase socialized delivery capacity and expected revenue of platforms.

Optimal Design of a Service System with Free Experience Serviceunder a Dedicated Service Discipline

YAO Qing-guo, ZHOU Qin, JIANG Tao, ZHANG Xue-mu

2020, 29(10):  21-29.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0251

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By providing a free experience service, a service system can attract more potential customers to become regular customers. This paper considers a service system with free experience service and regular service under a dedicated service discipline, based on the delay-sensitive characteristics of customers and using the matrix analytic method and spectral expansion method of queueing theory, we give some performance measurements concerned and the optimization design of the service system, and then, we construct the profit function of the service provider, obtain the optimal service rate of free experience service and the optimal price of regular service. These results show that, when more customers in the experience service section purchase the regular service, the service provider should reduce the service rate of free experience service, so as to alleviate the system congestion and reduce the sojourn time of customers, and meanwhile, the service provider should lower the price of regular service to compensate for service delay due to system congestion. As more new customers arrive for free experience services, a greater price reduction of regular service should be offered to attract them into the regular service.

Equivalent Model of Multi Loss Robust Optimization under Convex Probability Density Distribution Cluster and Its Application in Direct Chain Enterprises

XU Lei-yan

2020, 29(10):  30-39.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0252

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Firstly, the equivalent model theorem of single period expectation mean and single loss robust optimization for convex probability density distribution cluster is proved. And the equivalent model of multi loss robust optimization under the single period expected mean of convex probability density distribution cluster is also proved. Secondly, the single cycle production allocation supply problem of the expected mean value of the products of the direct chain enterprises under the convex probability density distribution cluster is proposed. A robust model of the expected mean value of single cycle production allocation supply for direct chain enterprises is established. In the case of obtaining approximate periodic probability distribution cluster, a robust model of single period production distribution supply is given, which is equivalent to a linear programming problem. Finally, a numerical experiment is carried out with a known mixed distribution cluster composed of four cycles of a product. The numerical results show that the production allocation and supply strategy of the robust model of production allocation and supply under the expected mean criterion is more robust.

Stackelberg Game Coordination Optimization Based on Price Difference Compensation Strategy

JIANG Min, MENG Zhi-qing, ZHOU Na, SHEN Rui

2020, 29(10):  40-48.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0253

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Taking intelligent products as the research object, the game model between manufacturers and sellers is established. Through Nash equilibrium game and Stackelberg game, the decision-making behaviors of manufacturers and sellers are discussed. It is proved that there is transaction between manufacturers and sellers under Nash equilibrium. The relationship among manufacturer's optimal order, optimal compensation coefficient and retailer’s order quantity in Steinberg game is derived. An algorithm is proposed to solve the approximate optimal wholesale price and order quantity of Stackelberg game with a given compensation coefficient. Through numerical analysis, it is shown that when the manufacturer is in the dominant position, the price difference compensation strategy can realize the coordination of the whole supply chain, improve the order quantity of the seller, and increase the profits of the manufacturer and the seller. It is also shown that the price difference compensation strategy can effectively improve relationship between supply and retailer.

Emergency Decision-making Method for Risky Large Group Protecting Minority Opinions in Social Network Environment

XU Xuan-hua, ZHANG Qian-hui

2020, 29(10):  49-58.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0254

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In large group decision making, the opinions of every expert are very important, and minority opinions are also very important, but there are risks in considering minority opinions. This paper proposes a risky large group decision-making method for protecting minority opinions in the social network environment, to deal with minority opinions that may exit and to improve the quality of decision-making. Firstly, the natural language processing technology is used to extract the keywords of the public information about the incidents in social media, and then TF-IDF technology is used for big data processing to extract the event attributes of public interest and determine the weights of attributes. Secondly, the relationship between experts is taken into consideration in decision-making. Then, the identification and risk measurement mechanism of minority opinions are established, and two risk factors are defined: trust risk coefficient and preference risk coefficient. We adjust the weights of minority opinion groups through the trust risk coefficient of minority opinions and regulate group consensus through preference risk coefficient, to obtain a large group decision-making plan with higher level of consensus; Finally, through the case analysis of “7.1” flood in Ningxiang, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified.

Generalized Probabilistic Dual Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic PowerAggregation Operators in Multi-attribute Decision Making

ZHU Feng, XU Ji-chao, LIU Yu-min, WANG Ning

2020, 29(10):  59-67.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0255

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Based on the dual hesitant fuzzy linguistic set, the probabilistic dual hesitation fuzzy set and the generalized power aggregation operators, generalized probabilistic dual hesitant fuzzy linguistic power aggregation operators are studied. Firstly, the definition,the operational laws,score function , accuracy function , distance measure and entropy of the probabilistic dual hesitant fuzzy linguistic set are proposed. Then, the generalized probabilistic dual hesitant fuzzy linguistic power aggregation operators are defined and their properties are studied. Moreover, a decision-making method is proposed to solve the multi-attribute decision problem of probabilistic dual hesitant fuzzy linguistic with the relationship between the aggregated data. Finally, a practical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

Game Analysis of Agri-food Quality Classification under Consumer Selection Behavior

CHEN Jun

2020, 29(10):  68-75.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0256

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Quality classification is an important means to realize good quality and favorable price for agri-food. But, only a few agricultural products have achieved graded sales at present. Based on the consumer ’s selection behavior for good quality product, game models of quality classification between a manufacturer and a retailer are constructed, and aspects of different member’s decision on optimal pricing strategy and profit are analyzed. The conclusion suggests that quality classification of agri-food is better than no classification, and the retailer’s quality classification can achieve the optimal system profit when the consumer loss rate of high-quality products is below the threshold. Accordingly, it is recommended that the government issue relevant supporting policies to encourage retailers to implement quality classification of agri-food.

Evolutionary Game Analysis of Cooperative Order between Appliance Enterprise and Ecommerce Platform

LIU Shuai-cheng, WANG Xiao-fang

2020, 29(10):  76-83.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0257

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Establishing a good cooperative relationship between appliance enterprise and ecommerce platform has strategic optimization significance. This paper uses the evolutionary game method to model the cooperation between appliance enterprise and ecommerce platform, and discusses the costs and benefits of the cooperation in detail. Meanwhile, considering the legal intervention in the event of default, various factors affecting the cooperation are analyzed. The analysis shows that the direct benefits of cooperation and the distribution of negotiating power have an inverted U-shaped effect on the probability of successful cooperation between the two sides; Value creation coefficient, policy incentive coefficient and cooperation development depth have a positive impact on the probability of successful cooperation, while the specificity of capital and transaction cost have a negative impact; And only the time discount factor of ecommerce platform has a positive impact on the probability of successful cooperation; When the default occurs, the compensation that one party can obtain through legal aid and success probability have a positive impact on the probability of successful cooperation, while the cost of law has a negative impact. At the same time, it is concluded that as long as one side can recover all its losses through litigation, then the only equilibrium is to take cooperation. Finally, it is pointed out that the cooperation between the appliance enterprise and ecommerce platform is similar to the “spontaneous order” advocated by Hayek, and based on this, the government should improve the external environment conducive to the growth of this “order” to promote the new economy to become an important driving force for social development.

Research on Employment Behavior of the Disabled Employed by Enterprises ——Analysis of Evolutionary Game Based on Employment Promotion Policy

LI Peng, LI Hong-bo, WANG Juan

2020, 29(10):  84-91.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0258

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Employment of integration is a key way for sustainable development of people with disabilities. Based on the evolutionary game theory and employment promotion policy for the disabled, this paper establishes the dynamic evolution model of the interaction process between the disabled and the employing units (enterprises), and uses the numerical experiments to show the influence of the initial condition change and the different values of the decision variables on the evolution of the system. It is found that the path system of employment behavior of the disabled converges to good mode and “locked” state. The probability of convergence of parameters in different models is significantly changed or the change is not obvious, which reveals the deep-seated reasons for the unsatisfactory effect of the employment of the disabled in reality. Increasing the salary and psychological benefits of the people with disabilities, and the value created for enterprises, and reducing the social assistance、human and social capital of the disabled, and increasing the legal proportion of employment of disabled persons、the reputation gains of enterprises employing disabled persons、the VAT refund (the enterprise meets the tax rebate conditions) and the number of haired disabled persons, and reducing the input with enterprises supporting the employment of the disabled people, etc., can increase the probability that the system will evolve into a good state. In order to develop a flexible and effective employment policy and measures for the disabled, thisstudy points out the directions: the multi-objective co-governance, the benefit sharing and the benign interaction, to jump out of the bad “lock” state, and realize the benign development of employment behavior of the disabled, so as tocrack the employment problem.

Forward or Reverse Integration in Competing Closed-loop Supply Chains

SHI Chun-lai, SHU Xi-ke, LUO Ming, NIE Jia-jia

2020, 29(10):  92-103.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0259

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Remanufacturing is able to reduce resource assumption on the one hand; On the other hand, remanufacturing also can make the environment and society better by reducing the carbon emission. Hence, more and more governments require manufacturers to engage in remanufacturing. A classical closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) is a combination of forward distribution in which the manufacturer sells products through the retailer and reverse distribution where manufacturer collects used products via the recycler. Manufacturer as the leader can choose to integrate forwardly or reversely to enhance completive edge and achieves higher supply chain efficiency. For instance, Xiaomi, a leading Chinese smartphone maker, bought Youmi, a South Korean retailer, in 2017 to sell her products and expand her presence in South Korean. Reserve integration, as an alternative strategy, stretches a manufacturer’s operations towards the used-products collection, enabling the manufacturer to save cost. For example, Nike formed an alliance with National Recycling Coalition to collect used shoes, and firms like IBM, Dell, Huawei, and Haier established their own departments or branches to collect used-products. Based on the phenomena, some researchers like Nie (2012) and Ma et al. (2016) have made some analyses of the different cooperation in the CLSC. However, they all ignore the facts that competition is no longer firm against firm, but rather supply chain against supply chain as Ha et al. (2017) said.
Motivated by the observation and literature, several interesting questions arise. (1)whether the manufacturer still has an incentive to integrate forwardly or reversely in compositing CLSCs? (2)Industry profit really benefits more from forward integration? To address the questions, we develop the model consisting of competing manufacturer selling her products through exclusive retailers, and collecting the used products via the exclusive recycler. We explore whether the manufacturer is possible to choose forward or reverse integration in competing CLSCs. We find that manufacturers both have an incentive to integrate forwardly or reversely. And industry profit of forward integration is always higher than that of reverse integration. This result is similar to Ma et al. (2016).
Reports and investigations from Griffin (2001), lots of manufacturers exhibit diseconomy due to bad managements, low technologies or skills. Hence, we study manufacturers who choose forward or reverse integration in competing closed-loop supply chain if manufacturers exhibit diseconomy. We find that manufacturers both still have an incentive to integrate forwardly or reversely. To our surprise, when the production diseconomy is small, the industry profit of forward integration is higher; otherwise, the industry profit of reverse integration is greater. This is different from the traditional wisdom. In addition, a manufacturer preferring to integrate forwardly or inversely depends on production diseconomy and competing manufacturer’s strategy.

Study on the Selection of the Hybrid Recycling Channel of the Closed-loop Supply Chain Considering the Quality of Cores

HUANG Shao-hui, YUAN Kai-fu, HE Bo, CHEGN Wei-li

2020, 29(10):  104-111.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0260

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In order to determine the optimal hybrid recycling channels, a closed-loop supply chain system that consists of a manufacturer, a retailer and a third-party is investigated. In this system, there are four kinds of hybrid recycling channels, including manufacturer and retailer, manufacturer and third-party, retailer and third-party as well as manufacturer, retailer and third-party, and according to the different quality used products are refurbished or remanufactured. The profit models on the members and the system are formulated in the decentralized decision-making under four kinds of hybrid recycling channels. The comparison shows that from the point of maximizing the profit of the manufacturer and system and considering the social benefits, the three channels are the best choice, and at this time, more used products can be recycled. The profit is the lowest when the manufacturer does not participate in the recovery, and it is not conducive to improving the quantity of used products. Finally, a numerical example is given to analyze the influence of remanufacturing rate on members and system profit of the four kinds of hybrid recycling channels. The results show that manufacturer should remanufacture used products as many as possible.

Consider the Retailer Sales Promotion Strategy in the Research of Supply Chain Financing and Operation Strategy

QIAN Qian, YANG Yang, XU Kai

2020, 29(10):  112-119.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0261

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Under the assumption of the retailer’s promotional may affect the market demand, in bank credit and trade credit financing mode, to divide the promotion decision is embedded into the classical newsboy model, and focused on the profit of suppliers and supply chain for numerical analysis. The study found that: when the retailer’s actions have an impact on the market demand, commercial credit to a certain extent, reduce the financing costs of the supply chain, increase the profit of the supply chain; Core enterprise financing strategy related to its own cost and promotion strategy; Commercial credit to capital supply chain configuration and the retailer’s incentive, under the influence of the production cost of supplier and incentive strategy; Finally, the commercial credit to a certain extent, reduce the double marginalized effect.

An Additive Decomposition of the Myerson Value on Link-weighted Graph Games

SHAN Er-fang, LIU Zhen

2020, 29(10):  120-125.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0262

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Gómez et al.(2003)introduced an additive decomposition of Myerson value for symmetric games as centrality measures. Firstly we generalize this decomposition to the link-weighted graph games and propose the within groups Myerson value and the between groups Myerson value on link-weighted graph games. In this paper, we assume that the weights of a link-weighted graph represent the directed capacity between two nodes. One of them, the within groups Myerson value, determines which part corresponds to the profit from the coalitions that a given player is in, whereas the other, the between groups Myerson value, evaluates the rewards obtained by acting as an intermediary among the other players. This paper focuses on the weight stability and generalized stability of above two values based on the totally positive games, meaning that all dividends are nonnegative and we characterize these values by using three axioms, which are “additivity”, “nullplayer property”and“essential player property”.

Study of Multi-objective Imperfect Preventive Maintenance Policy for Equipment with an Intermediate Buffer

LIU Qin-ming, YE Chun-ming, LV Wen-yuan

2020, 29(10):  126-131.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0263

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For the problem of equipment maintenance by considering buffer stocks, the imperfect preventive maintenance strategy with random failure is developed by considering the maintenance ability constraint. First, based on the quasi renewal process, the expression of random failuresof equipment is presented. Then, based on the expression of random failures, the imperfect preventive maintenance model is presented for minimizing the total production cost and maximizing the equipment availability. The multi-objective particle swarm algorithm is used to obtain the optimal preventive maintenance strategy, including the availability and production cost. The optimal values of the target stock and the preventive maintenance cycle are obtained. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the validity of the proposed model.

Intuitionistic Fuzzy Two-sided Matching Method Considering Regret Aversion and Matching Aspiration

ZHANG Di, DAI Hong-jun, LIU Xiao-rui

2020, 29(10):  132-139.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0264

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A two-sided matching method considering regret aversion psychological behavior and matching aspiration of the agents is proposed to solve two-sided matching problems with intuitionisticfuzzy preference information. Firstly,intuitionistic fuzzy preference information provided by agents on both sides is transformed into utility values. Secondly, the regret valuesand rejoice values of each agent in match are calculated through pairwise comparisons of another side agent using the idea of regret theory.Furthermore, the comprehensive regret-rejoice values of eachagent are calculated, and the calculating rules of matching satisfaction degree are built. A multiple objective optimization two-sided matching model is constructed. By analyzing the insufficiency of thepresent approach to determining coemcientof matching aspiration, a new approach to determining coemcient of matching aspiration is given. Then linear weight sum method is used to convert the multiple objective optimization model into a single objective programming model considering matching aspiration of the agents on both sides, and the two-sidedmatching results can be obtained by solving the model. Finally, an example is given to prove the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.

Application Research

Relative Efficiency Evaluation of Two-Phase Configuration of Financial Resources in Research University

FENG Bao-jun, SHEN Jia-kun, SUN Xiu-feng

2020, 29(10):  140-146.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0265

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Following the essence of strengthening self-construction and achieving various functions of researchuniversities, the research divides the configuration of financial resources into two stages with intangible resources and functional results. Then based on output maximization at each phase, it constructs a relational network DEA model to calculate the relative efficiency of the both phases. Evaluating the relative efficiency of financial resource configuration of 29 Chinese research universities from 2006 to 2016, the empirical research shows that: firstly, in most research universities, the first phase configuration of financial resources limits the promotion of the overall relative efficiency; secondly, more than half of research universities are located in the developed eastern region, however, the average efficiency of research universities in this region is lower than that of central and western regions; thirdly, because of the shortage of intangible resources, financial resources configuration’ relative efficiency of the first and the second phases declines and rises year by year respectively.

Research on PPP Asset Securitization Based on he Contingent Exchangeable Bonds

WANG Wen-hua, QIN Xue-zhia, WANG Kuna, ZHANG Mao-jun

2020, 29(10):  147-156.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0266

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Public-private partnerships (PPP) projects are mostly concentrated in the field of public infrastructures, in which the government and private sectors work together to provide quality services to the public. If one of these projects suddenly went bankrupt due to a shortage of capital, it may endanger the public environment and the safety of residents. Therefore, the government has to bail out the troubled PPP projects. In this paper, this feature of PPP projects is called “Too Big to Fail”. However, these government bailouts may lead to pricing errors in PPP projects and distorting normal market competition. In order to hedge the capital shortages in PPP projects and to avoid government bailouts, we suggest that private partners issue the Contingent Exchangeable Bonds, referred to as CEBs. In our proposal, CEBs have the risk assistance and risk transfer capabilities. When the PPP project is in financial distress due to capital shortage, private partners can increase the disposable capital by which CEBs is written down or converted into specific income rights or dividends rights of PPP projects, to maintain PPP projects running. Comparative researches are shown that PPP projects can hedge the capital shortage and improve the self-rescue by issuing CEBs, so that it can reduce government bailouts, and hedge the government’s naked short position. In addition, a reasonable capital withdrawal mechanism for private partners is constructed by CEBs being converted into specific income right.

Research on the Selection of Governance Mode in the Building and Operation of PPP Projects

FANG Wen-li, FANG Shi-jian

2020, 29(10):  157-162.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0267

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The governance and coordination of the implementation, the building and operation of the Public-Private Partnership pattern in the context of China is a very important issue. Based on transaction cost economics and new property rights theory, a mathematical model is established to discuss the governance of PPP pattern. Firstly, the mathematical model of the general governance mode of PPP projects is established, the optimal social welfare is analyzed, and then according to the demand risk reimbursement contract, the building and operation discrete governance mode of PPP projects and the building and operation integrated governance mode of PPP projects are established respectively. The research shows that under the demand risk reimbursement contract, the building and operation integrated governance mode has higher social welfare than the construction and operation discrete governance mode of PPP projects.

Trust Update Model Considering Worm Propagation Risk

LI Yan-bo, SONG Ming-qiu

2020, 29(10):  163-172.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0268

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The evaluation mechanism based on the trust degree of network nodes is an effective method to prevent worm propagation. Aiming at the problem that the existing node trust degree calculation model is insensitive to worm attack behavior and not comprehensive to the identification of malicious nodes, this paper proposes a trust update model that considers the risk of worm propagation. Through the definition of the STIDR state in the worm propagation model, the relationship between node trust degree and propagation probability is quantitatively characterized. And a trust update model is established under three conditions of direct risk, indirect risk and propagative risk. The simulation results show that compared with the basic trust model, the trust update model considering the risk of worm propagation in this paper makes the trust degree of infected state nodes lower, the number of infected state nodes less, and the number of isolated state nodes more, which indicates the update of the trust degree makes the identification of the infected state node more effective. To a certain extent, the purpose of resisting worm attacks and inhibiting worms from spreading in the network is achieved.

Research on Knowledge Diffusion Modeling and Simulation for Heterogeneity Enterprises in Cluster Innovation Network

KONG Xiao-dan, ZHANG Dan

2020, 29(10):  173-182.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0269

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Knowledge diffusion based on cooperative behavior has become the main means for enterprises to realize knowledge innovation and to enhance competitiveness in cluster innovation network. The dynamic process of knowledge diffusion depends strongly on the diffusion ability of heterogeneous enterprises. Therefore, considering the heterogeneity factors such as the quantity of different contacts between enterprises, the ability of knowledge absorption and transmission, and the rate of knowledge elimination, a knowledge diffusion model based on infectious disease theory is established. It is verified that the number of knowledge diffusion regeneration composed of various heterogeneity factors has an impact on the evolution equilibrium of knowledge diffusion. Simulation results show that: In the early stage of knowledge diffusion, cluster innovation network should take full advantages of hub nodes and heterogeneous networks to accelerate knowledge diffusion rate. In the later stage of knowledge diffusion, we should pay attention to the balance of enterprise relationship development and the scale of enterprise contact with neighbors. Compared with over-emphasis on the universality of knowledge exchange, the effectiveness of network knowledge diffusion can be significantly improved by reinforcement of enterprise’s abilities to communicate and absorb. With the evolution of time, the enterprise’s communication willingness and knowledge elimination rate will also affect the convergence of network knowledge diffusion.

The Utility Model Relates to an Efficiency-oriented Method for System Multi-order Parameter Identification

WEN xin, ZHOU Jia-zi

2020, 29(10):  183-189.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0270

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In view of the efficiency requirements in the evolution process of social organization system, based on the identification and evaluation of the effectiveness of system evolution, a multi-order parameter identification method that can reflect the efficiency of system evolution process is proposed to provide an operational technical reference for improving the efficiency of system evolution process. This paper analyzes the formation process of multi-order parameters from the perspective of output/input, and gives the efficiency principle of multi-order parameters in the evolution process of system based on output/input. Based on the improved data envelopment analysis method and the existing index system, an efficiency-oriented multi-order parameter identification model for system evolution process is established. Finally, an example is given to verify the scientific effectiveness of the method.

Coordination Super-network Equilibrium of Complex Equipment and Realization Paths

ZHAO Huan-huan, JIAN Li-rong, LIU Yong

2020, 29(10):  190-197.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0271

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There exists a complex network relationship of social, cooperation and coordination between the subjects of complex equipment research and development, and they influence each other and are the important parameters of complex equipment research and development. In order to effectively describe the relationship between the manufacturer and supplier with the limited resources, and discuss the coordination mechanism and achieve methods, we exploit super network method to establish a super-network equilibrium model of the collaborative research and manufacturing. In this paper, we firstly construct the coordination super-network of the mutually influenced, and interacted social relationship network, cooperative network and coordinated network, and then take social relationship level, cooperative degree and coordination degree in the super network as the decision variables to establish the multi objective optimal decision model with different preferences based on the maximum of relationship value, and the lowest coordination cost, the least coordination risk, the maximum of cooperative benefit, the least cooperative risk and the lowest cooperative cost, so that we use it to discuss the super network equilibrium and realization paths.

An Empirical Study on Contagion Effect and Co-Movement Behavior of Financial Crisis in Stock Markets

LIU Chao, GUO Ya-dong

2020, 29(10):  198-211.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0272

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In recent years, financial crises broke out frequently and showed contagion, which drew high attention from scholars both at home and abroad. In this paper, the dynamic condition correlation model is selected to study the time-varying correlation among the US, the European, and the Chinese, the Japanese, the Korean stock markets during the subprime mortgage crisis and the European debt crisis. By using the endogenous multiple structural break method, the paper divides the contagion period and the stable period, and uses spillover index method to study risk spillover effect during two financial crises. And then, this paper constructs the co-movement mode of two stock markets and builds weighted and directed complex networks in different stages of infection, and uses network analysis methods to study the co-movement behavior between stock markets. It can be concluded that during the two financial crises, the US and European stock markets have a clear one-way contagion effect on the stock markets of Chinese, Japanese and Korean. In the two crises, each stock markets has different speed of infection and duration. There is inconsistency between financial contagion and risk spillover effect. The risk spillover effect of Japanese stock market during the crisis is stronger than that of US stock market. The contagion effect is manifested as the high clustering and high linkage of the co-movement model in the network. Compared with the European debt crisis, during the subprime mortgage crisis, the stock markets show stronger co-movement. In the two crises, the co-movement between the Japanese stock market and the infectious stock markets is the strongest, so the Japanese stock market is the most affected by the financial crisis.

Analysis of Competition Between Online and Offline Channel with Coupon Distribution and Service Innovation

LI Zong-huo, YANG Wen-sheng, SI Yin-yuan, LI Juan2

2020, 29(10):  212-220.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0273

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This paper investigates the market competition pattern and the game relationship between online and offline channels with channel preferences based on the Hotelling model. The channel competition model in which online channels distribute electronic coupons and offline channels innovate service is conducted. The impact of coupon promotion and service innovation on market share, pricing, and profit is explored. The channel exit boundaries with market entry timing are given. The result shows that short-term market situation obtaining higher profits under a smaller market share relies on higher prices, while overlap-term market situation obtaining smaller profits under a larger market share is based on lower prices. When service innovation is sufficiently strong to support online channel pricing, online channels can derive higher profits and market share. The distribution of coupons can bring a higher price adjustment space of the online channels. There is an optimal coupon face value that enables the online channel to obtain the expected revenue and win the mixed preference market.

Management Science

Research on Integration of Military Facilities Construction Project Management Force

SHI Yue, ZHANG Jiang-shui, ZHAO Bo

2020, 29(10):  221-224.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0274

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Engineering construction project is an important component of military facilities construction, which has a far-reaching impact on our army construction and development. This paper takes the military facilities construction of our army as the research object, optimizes the military construction projects from the perspective of the whole army construction and development, and establishes a management organization system with the military facilities construction project management organization as the leading role, dynamic alliance as the characteristics, unified objectives, consistent interests and subject integration.

Research on Pricing Strategy of E-commerce Platform Based on Strategic Consumers

MU Li-feng, WANG Fang-yuan, CHEN Li-hui

2020, 29(10):  225-232.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0275

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The dual discount phenomenon of e-commerce platform has aroused huge consumer demand. This paper develops a stackelberg game model of e-commerce platform and merchant with discount sales period. It studies the optimal pricing strategy for merchant and e-commerce platform with consumer rebate when the e-commerce platform does not provide consumer rebate and provide consumer rebate. From the perspective of consumers, this paper combines the optimization method and game theory, and tries to provide recommendation for the decision-making of merchant and e-commerce platform. The results show that: (1)When the e-commerce platform does not provide rebate, the higher the strategic degree of consumers, the higher the price in normal sales period, the lower the discount rate. (2)When the e-commerce platform provides consumers with rebate, the price in normal sales period will increase, while the price in discount period will decrease. The phenomenon of differential pricing is more obvious. (3)When the hassle cost of the consumer is higher than a certain threshold, the e-commerce platform provides higher rebate. In addition, the customer rebate and the optimal profit of merchant and e-commerce platform increase as the hassle cost of the consumer. (4)In the extension part, this paper considers thereaction of too high hassle cost to the user demand, and finds that properly increasing the hassle cost of consumers can increase the income of the e-commerce platform and merchant, but when it exceeds a certain range, it will cause loss of customers and damage the profits of both sides.

Research on the Influence of Group Characteristics of Aging Scientists on Hierarchy of Needs

CHEN Ze-yi, ZHANG Zhi-hui

2020, 29(10):  233-239.  DOI: 10.12005/orms.2020.0276

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The problem of aging population in China is one of important research fields in academia. Studying the aging characteristics of different groups can make the management policy more effective. Aging scientists can be a special group,and the analysis of the actual demand situation of the aging scientists group in reality can be the basis of the policy formulation for this group. This study is based on the theoretical model, which is constructed by gird-group theory and Maslow’s theory of demand hierarchy. Taking a retired scientist group in a university as a case, we explore the internal influence mechanism of group characteristics and needs through questionnaires. The result could provide the theoretical support for the relevant policies of the retired scientists group.