Abstract: Currently, atmospheric environmental issues are becoming increasingly complex, exhibiting regional and global characteristics. Ecological and environmental issues with regional characteristics such as haze and acid rain, as well as global characteristics such as greenhouse effect and climate change, have become key and hot issues in the field of ecological and environmental protection. Especially, currently a large amount of fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas are used in China’s energy consumption process, and the combustion of these conventional energy sources can produce multiple pollutants, causing differentiated environmental problems. On the one hand, the combustion of fossil fuels emits sulfur dioxide, and suspended particulate matter, etc., leading to increasingly prominent regional environmental problems such as acid rain, PM2.5 pollution, and haze pollution. Statistical data shows that haze pollution in China is mainly concentrated in North and Central China, especially in the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region and its surrounding areas. On the other hand, the combustion of fossil fuels emits chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and other pollutants, which accumulate over a long period of time, making global environmental issues such as greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, and climate change increasingly acute.
Faced with the different damages caused by multiple pollutants, local governments should not only focus on regional ecological environment issues, but also pay attention to global ecological environment issues. However, relying solely on single pollutant control is no longer enough to solve the increasingly complex ecological environment problems. The diversification and complexity of atmospheric environmental problems urgently require the means of air pollution control to shift from single pollutant control to comprehensive control of multiple pollutants. Therefore, in order to deepen the battle against pollution and effectively respond to climate change, it is necessary to focus on synergistic efficiency enhancement, and strengthen the coordinated control of multiple pollutants, and regional coordinated governance. So this article focuses on solving the differentiated environmental problems caused by multiple pollutants, exploring pollution control strategies and their influencing factors, which helps to enrich existing ecological environment protection theories, expand the research perspective of regional synergy, and provide theoretical basis for China to accelerate the construction of a beautiful China and achieve the “dual carbon” goal. At the same time, it provides important support and reference for achieving high-quality development of the ecological environment, and provides reference for formulating and optimizing multiple pollutants control strategies.
In view of this, this article considers the realistic background of different damages caused by multiple (non-accumulative and accumulative) pollutants to the natural environment. With the help of the optimal control theory, an optimal control game model for cross-border pollution is constructed to explore environmental governance strategies between two adjacent regions in non-cooperative and cooperative governance situations, including the degree of pollution control efforts, and investigate the changes in cumulative pollutant stocks over time. The optimal solutions under the two governance models are compared and analyzed. The theoretical and simulation analysis shows that each region will consider the damage caused by its non-accumulative pollutant discharge to its adjacent areas under the cooperative game. The degree of pollution control efforts under cooperative governance in each region may be higher than that under non-cooperative governance. The total income of all regions is higher than that of non-cooperative management, and the cooperative surplus is not only affected by the stock of pollutants, but also by the impact of non-accumulative pollutant emissions on adjacent areas, but it has nothing to do with the impact of non-accumulative pollutant emissions on the source region. Finally, through a numerical simulation analysis, the validity of the model is verified, and the sensitivity of relevant parameters in non-cooperative situations is analyzed, which provides a theoretical basis for local governments to carry out joint prevention and control cooperation and pollution control. However, in the research process, this article does not take into account factors such as emission trading and joint execution (JI) mechanisms, and incorporating these factors into scientific research is very meaningful, which is also a direction for further research.

Key words: environmental governance, cooperation strategy, transboundary pollution, non-accumulative pollutants, accumulative pollutants

摘要： 本文在多种(非累积性和累积性)污染物释放造成不同损害的背景下,利用最优控制理论构造跨界污染最优治理的博弈模型,探讨非合作、合作下两个相邻地区的跨界污染治理策略,包含治污努力程度等,探究累积性污染物存量随时间推移的演变情况,并对比分析非合作与合作下的最优解。博弈模型和数值分析结果显示:合作治污下,各地区关注非累积性污染物对临近地区产生的环境损害;各地区采取的治污努力程度可能高于非合作治污下;全部地区的整体收益高于非合作治污下,且合作剩余主要受累积性污染物存量损害程度、非累积性污染物对相邻地区损害程度等因素的影响,与非累积性污染物对本地区损害程度不相关。最后,通过数值仿真,验证模型的有效性,并分析合作治污下相关参数的灵敏性,为促使地方政府合作治污提供理论依据。

关键词: 环境治理, 合作策略, 跨界污染, 非累积性污染物, 累积性污染物