Abstract: Digital technology brings opportunities for the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industries. It is particularly important to promote the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry. However, most enterprises in China are on the primary level of transformation and are severely polarized. Small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises are facing the dilemma of digital transformation due to high transformation costs, financial pressure, and weak digitalization foundations. How to promote the digital transformation of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, and promote the construction of manufacturing digital industrial system is of great significance.
   Industrial Internet platforms provide digital empowerment scenarios for small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. This paper constructs an evolutionary game model with the government, platform and enterprises as the main players from a synergistic point of view to explore the key factors that promote the digital transformation of enterprises in depth. At the same time, it analyzes the role of financial institutions’ financial inclusion factors in influencing the strategic choices of the main body of the game. And Matlab is used to numerically simulate the key influencing factors and analyze the strategy selection of each game party and the stability of the equilibrium point of the system.
   The results show that: Firstly, the willingness of enterprises and platforms to participate in digital transformation is directly proportional to the intensity of government tax incentives. Tax incentives can effectively enhance the digital transformation enthusiasm of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. When the tax rebate ratio is within a certain interval, government departments’ increase in the intensity of tax rebates can effectively promote the transformation and upgrading of enterprises. Secondly, compared with other influencing factors, the proportion of value-added services charged by the cloud platform has a more significant impact on enterprise strategy selection. When the proportion of platform service fees charged is less than the critical value, the rate of in-depth digital transformation of enterprises is inversely proportional to the proportion of value-added services. When the coefficient is greater than the critical value, enterprise and platform strategies keep changing and influencing each other, and the overall system cannot reach a stable state. Thirdly, changes in the intensity of government subsidies to the platform have different impacts on the three parties of the system. When the intensity of government subsidies to the platform is less than the critical value, the increase in the intensity of subsidies has a good incentive effect on the platform and enterprises. In addition, the increase in the probability of loans from financial institutions to enterprises can effectively improve the evolution rate of cloud platforms and enterprises tending to stabilize, and the rate at which the government chooses to actively promote the platform is inversely proportional to the probability of successful loans, and the implementation of inclusive finance can alleviate the pressure on the government’s subsidy costs.
   This paper provides some heuristic suggestions for promoting the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises: the government can intervene in the market at the initial stage of the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry by means of tax incentives and other means. The subsidies for industrial Internet platforms will be controlled within a certain range, so that the platform relies on its own business to realize long-term profitability and promote industrial transformation to reach the expected level. At the same time, financial institutions should actively explore inclusive financial projects that can effectively empower the digitalization of enterprises.

Key words: manufacturing, digital transformation, synergy theory, evolutionary game

摘要： 为缓解数字化转型背景下中小型制造企业上云难题,促进制造业高质量发展,从多方协同视角构建政府、云平台、企业的演化博弈模型,并考虑金融机构普惠金融对系统的影响作用,分析各博弈主体策略选择及系统均衡点稳定性,通过Matlab对关键影响要素进行数值仿真分析。结果表明:(1)当退税比例在一定区间范围内,政府部门增大退税力度能够有效促进企业转型升级;(2)与其他影响因素相比,云平台增值服务收取比例对于企业策略选择影响更加显著;(3)当政府对平台补贴强度小于临界值时,补贴强度的增大对平台、企业而言均具有良好激励效果;(4)政策引导金融机构推行普惠金融能够促进数字化转型系统的有效运行,研究结论可为推进多层联动的数字化转型体系建设提供参考依据。

关键词: 制造业, 数字化转型, 协同理论, 演化博弈