Abstract: With the rapid development of highway transportation industry of China, the number of highway bridges is also increasing, and bridge maintenance work is becoming increasingly important. Existing bridges have different degrees of aging, damage, and other issues that require timely repair and maintenance to ensure their safety and reliability. During the formulation of highway bridge maintenance strategies, it is necessary for management departments to effectively utilize limited resources during the operation period to ensure the service safety of existing bridges. Therefore, formulating scientific maintenance strategies is of great significance for the reasonable arrangement of bridge maintenance work and the reasonable allocation of maintenance resources.
   To construct an optimization model for the maintenance strategy of highway bridges, the performance detection data of 208 highway bridges in coastal area and 176 highway bridges in inland area with historical maintenance work are analyzed from 1996 to 2020. Based on the distribution type test and maximum likelihood estimation of these long-term performance detection data, a probabilistic model of the training gain coefficient considering the length of service and the frequency of training is established. Based on the improved inverse Gaussian process, an evaluation method for the remaining service life of the bridge and the reliability of the next detection time is proposed, and the maintenance decision vector and decision rule are established according to the evaluation results. The dynamic maintenance strategy model of bridge is established by embedding Markov chain in the improved inverse Gaussian deterioration process and combining Bayesian update method, and the prediction performance of the model is evaluated by using a large number of measured data. The results show that the average relative error of the model prediction is 11.1%, which can meet the needs of the project to a certain extent. The improved gray wolf algorithm is used to adaptively optimize the decision vector in the dynamic maintenance strategy model. The improved grey wolf algorithm is used to adaptively optimize the decision vector in the dynamic maintenance strategy model to find the decision vector with the lowest remaining life cumulative cost. The existence of the optimal solution of the decision vector and the effectiveness of the adaptive optimization model are verified by an actual bridge optimization example.
   Through the evaluation of model performance with a large number of measured data, the results show that when no data classification is performed, the prediction accuracy of the dynamic maintenance strategy model is relatively low. After classification by service region, the average relative error decreases by 50.9%, and the prediction performance is significantly improved. After further subdivision of the data by bridge size, the average relative error increases by 17.6%, especially for extra-large bridges, which increases by 33.2%. After evaluation, when the service region is divided, the total average relative error of prediction using the dynamic maintenance strategy model for 8 datasets is 11.1%, which is the lowest prediction error after exhaustive search. It can meet engineering needs to a certain extent. Finally, the improved gray wolf algorithm is used to adaptively optimize the decision vector in the dynamic maintenance strategy model, and find the decision vector that minimizes the cumulative cost of remaining life. An actual coastal small bridge is selected as an optimization example to confirm the existence of the optimal solution of decision vector.

Key words: highway bridge, inverse Gaussian process, maintenance gain coefficient, maintenance strategy optimization, Bayesian updating, grey wolf algorithm

摘要： 为了有效利用桥梁管养资源以确保桥梁在运营期的服役安全,本文构建了适用于公路桥梁的管养策略优化模型。基于1996—2020年间国内沿海地区208座及内陆地区176座存在历史养修工作的公路桥梁性能检测数据,建立了考虑养修时服役时长与养修频次的养修增益系数计算方法,并通过极大似然估计法计算出养修增益系数的取值范围。通过将改进逆高斯过程与贝叶斯更新方法结合建立了桥梁动态养修策略模型,并利用大量实测数据对模型性能进行评估,结果表明:模型预测平均相对误差为11.1%,可在一定程度上满足工程需要。采用改进后的灰狼算法对动态养修策略模型中的决策向量进行自适应优化,寻找使得剩余寿命累积成本最低的决策向量,并通过实际桥梁优化算例证实了决策向量最优解的存在以及自适应优化模型的有效性。

关键词: 公路桥梁, 逆高斯过程, 养修增益系数, 养修策略优化, 贝叶斯更新, 灰狼算法