Abstract: The seaward economy is the dynamic evolution of China's national economy from land to offshore, and from offshore to deep sea. As one of the bases for the development of seaward economy, ports connect land economy and ocean economy, and provides strategic resources and stable support for the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road to enhance international competitiveness. In recent years, with the development of the economy and the change in the world transportation structure, the accurate and reasonable evaluation of the comprehensive competitiveness of ports is a fundamental issue in exploring the development of the port itself. Scientific evaluation of the comprehensive competitiveness of ports can help the port clarify the current development situation, and improve the weak links of the port development while maintaining the development of the port's own advantages, so as to realize the improvement of the comprehensive competitiveness of the port and promote the sustainable development of the port. The current comprehensive competitiveness evaluation models of ports have disadvantages such as they cannot handle abnormal data, the weighting method cannot reflect expert information comprehensively, and the evaluation method is limited. In this context, it is of great theoretical significance and application value to improve the evaluation model of comprehensive competitiveness of ports and explore the influencing factors of comprehensive competitiveness of ports to develop port economy and promote high-quality development of ports. To break the limitation of the existing evaluation models of comprehensive competitiveness of coastal ports, firstly, this paper selects 18 ports of five port groups as sample ports and chooses 5 main indicators and 19 secondary evaluation indicators to establish a port comprehensive competitiveness evaluation index system. Then, to address the current existence of evaluation models with higher robustness to missing and anomalous data and the limitations of the model options available for solving the weights, this paper uses a backward cloud generator to generate cloud models (CMs) for data of ports from 2010 to 2019. And based on the obtained data, linguistic terms Best-Worst method (L-BWM) method is proposed to calculate the subjective weights by combining linguistic terms and Best-Worst method (BWM), cloud model-criteria importance though intercrieria correlation (CM-CRITIC) method is proposed to calculate objective weights by combining CM and criteria importance though intercrieria correlation (CRITIC). The combination weight calculation model of game theory is utilized to determine the combination weights of indicators. The model can minimize the deviation between the obtained combination weights and the subjective and objective weights in order to obtain relatively scientific combination weights in a reasonable and effective way, thus improving the quality of evaluation results. Simultaneously, CMs and the combined weighting method of game theory are applied to multi-attribute border approximation area comparison (MABAC) method to establish the MABAC port comprehensive competitiveness evaluation model. The model takes the distance between each alternative and the Bored approximation area (BAA) into account, along with the potential profit and loss values. In order to obtain more accurate and effective ranking results, uncertainty among decision-makers (DMs) and ambiguity in the decision-making environment are also taken into account. At the same time, the results of the model are stable, the computational process is simple and logical, and it can be combined with other methods. Finally, the model is applied to the comprehensive competitiveness evaluation and single-indicator analysis of 18 coastal ports in China from 2010~2019. The evaluation results indicate that the development level of domestic coastal ports is uneven and polarized at present. From the perspective of port groups, the Yangtze River Delta port group is at the forefront of development, the Pearl River Delta port group and the Bohai Bay port group are in the middle level of development on average, and the southwest coastal port group and the southeast coastal port group are relatively backward in development. The development level of port groups is highly differentiated. From the perspective of the ports in the group, Ningbo Zhoushan Port has the highest overall competitiveness, Shantou Port has relatively poor overall competitiveness, and Dalian Port has the closest development to the average development level of the sample ports. Meanwhile, based on the evaluation results of the comprehensive competitiveness of ports, this paper puts forward countermeasures for developing ports economy and improving the comprehensive competitiveness of ports from the factors affecting the comprehensive competitiveness of ports.

Key words: comprehensive competitiveness of ports, cloud Model, LBWM, CM-CRITIC, MABAC

摘要： 针对现有港口综合竞争力评价模型的局限性,提出了基于LBWM(Linguistic terms Best-Worst method, LBWM)的主观权重确定模型和CM-CRITIC(Cloud Model Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation,CM-CRITIC)的客观权重确定模型,并利用博弈模型,计算出指标的组合权重;进一步,提出了港口综合竞争力评价模型,即基于云模型的多属性边界近似区域比较(Multi-attribute Border Approximation Area Comparison,MABAC)方法,并以我国五大港口群的18个沿海港口为研究对象,对其综合竞争力进行了评价。结果表明:沿海港口以及港口群内部存在两级分化现象,其中,宁波-舟山港的综合竞争力最好,汕头港的综合竞争力相对较差,而大连港的发展最贴近样本港口的平均发展水平。为提高港口综合竞争力,政策向中小港口侧重,以减少港口以及港口群发展差异,同时发挥大港优势,建设世界一流港口。

关键词: 港口竞争力, 云模型, LBWM, CM-CRITIC, MABAC