Abstract: With the popularity of mobile Internet devices and the continuous development of platform economy, some new online industrieshas been spawned. Shared bicycles are growing continuously with the maturity of Internet of Things and Internet technology, and have become an effective way to solve people's “last kilometer travel problem”. Bike providers can get returns from sharing their idle goods. However, with the deep involvement of Internet companies, the business has changed from the transection that everyone can provide and use, to the business of renting from Internet platforms to consumers. It is urgent to come up with a more effective business model that can return to the nature of sharing economy and promote the sustainable development of bike-sharing business. Blockchain network is regarded as a new decentralized and reliable technology. Blockchain can strengthen trust between entities and provide conditions for transactions through encryption technology. In order to promote the sustainable development of shared bicycles, in this paper we design a new bike-sharing supply chain based on blockchain technology.
We propose a design of the supply chain of shared bikes based on smart contract. The complete service process of shared bikes is an Internet of Things-based consumption system, which mainly includes three sections: mobile, bicycle and remote sever. The smart contract module is embedded into the communication module of the original chip. The embedded chip can process the GPS information obtained from the positioning module and form the consumption bill. We make a comparative analysis of two supply chains in the bike-sharing industry, one of which is the existing supply chain centered on large Internet trading platforms and the other is our decentralized supply chain based on blockchain technology. The game theory of oligopoly market and the method of differential calculation are adopted to solve the Nash equilibrium of two supply chains. We focus on the smart contract-based bike-sharing supply chain. We analyze the operation strategies changes of the supply chain enterprises. Finally, we adopt the method of data simulation to imitate the competition of oligopoly market, and verify the model conclusions.
In the shared bicycle supply chain centered on the Internet platform, there is a unique Nash equilibrium decision between platform providers and suppliers. Therefore, it is beneficial for bike-sharing supply chain to use smart contracts, which will make the supply chain more transparent and reduce invalid competition. Blockchain transaction costs have a significant impact on enterprise decisions on the smart contract supply chain. When enterprises use smart contract technology to build a shared bicycle supply chain, they should choose a blockchain network with lower transaction costs. The pricing of shared bicycle service has a significant impact on profitability of the supply chains. Shared bike supply chain based on smart contract performs better efficiency.
With the increasing popularity of shared bicycles, operation, maintenance and recycling are becoming more and more important. These are also important issues worth studying.

Key words: bike sharing, quantity decision, oligopoly game, smart contract

摘要： 近年来,共享单车行业不断扩张,形成了以互联网平台企业为主导的寡头垄断市场,当前共享单车供应链中存在着供应商话语权缺失、消费者信息易泄露、平台企业资金压力大等问题。基于此,本文构建了面向区块链智能合约技术的新型共享单车供应链,将其与现有基于互联网平台的共享单车供应链在单车投放量、产品质量以及供应链收益水平等方面进行比较研究,分析当前供应链企业做出模式创新的市场环境条件,研究不同市场因素对不同供应链的影响。通过对共享单车市场竞争的仿真模拟,验证了博弈模型的分析结论。研究表明,智能合约技术的引入能够减少共享单车上下游的过度竞争,同时提高行业服务质量及便利性。

关键词: 共享单车, 投放决策, 寡头博弈, 智能合约