关键词: 灾害管理, 应急供应网络, 网络分析, 内容分析

Abstract: Disasters cause substantial economic losses, affect the lives of a large number of people, and severely damage the environment.From the logistics perspective, it is paramount to plan for efficient arrangement of emergency resources to combat the effects of disasters. An efficient emergency supply network should be established during rescue operations to reduce the impact of disasters. Therefore, the emergency supply network is the research focus of this review paper. The emergency supply network is a complex, interdisciplinary, and inter-agency network as it may call for many organizations and the coordination of executives and practitioners, engineers, scientists, information technology experts, and medical personnel from governmental, public, private, and non-profit organizations in unpredictable, time-limited and budget-constrained circumstances. Constructing a reasonable emergency supply network is a critical decision in both national/regional and international response to a disaster that justifies optimizing emergency resources.
This article takes papers on emergency supply networks included in the Web of Science and Scopus databases from 2000 to 2021 as samples to explore the research progress in emergency supply networks at home and abroad. The paper adopts a systematic literature review. After a series of screening operations, a final 188 articles are used for bibliometric, network, and content analyses. The combination of bibliometric, network, and content analysis can make up for the shortcomings of the existing research on the topic details and follow the academic rigor. It uses BibExcel and Gephi software to analyze the characteristics of papers, research clusters, and development trend analysis. The research results show that most articles in this field are published in operations research and operations management journals, and the number of publications generally indicates an upward trend. In addition, core author groups and research institutions in emergency supply network research have gradually emerged, showing that the outstanding performance of an organization may only require the work of one or two scholars.By counting the countries from which the authors come, it is found that the countries/regions facing disaster challenges lack robust rescue systems and comprehensive disaster management plans. As seen from the title and keywords of the paper, it is necessary to develop modes and frameworks and optimize emergency supply networks to cover diverse and variable demands in uncertain environments.
We determine four research clusters using bibliometric and visualization tools and analyze the interrelationships among research topics. Domain research mainly focuses on material distribution networks (Cluster 1), location-routing-inventory networks (Cluster 2), vehicle routing and scheduling networks (Cluster 3), and casualty management networks (Cluster 4). Specifically, material distribution networks dominate early research. Scholars still maintain interest in this cluster to this day. The location-routing-inventory network combines site selection with inventory and transportation issues in Cluster 1 and plays a central role in the early stages. Cluster 3 focuses on specific vehicle dispatch arrangements. After 2010, cluster 4 becomes the focus of research, emphasizing the importance of post-disaster services. By 2021, clusters 1-3 are highly correlated, and attention to cluster 4 continues to increase, indicating the maturation of research in this field and the need to review the relevant literature on this topic. From the perspective of development trends, research on vehicle routing and scheduling in combination with site selection or inventory has been highly correlated. Post-disaster emergency evacuation and assistance services are still the research focus in this field.
Finally, we highlight and discuss the gaps we have found through reviewing these papers to provide researchers with potential future research directions. The four research directions of improving the reliability of emergency supply networks, focusing on the demands of victims, constructing more realistic models, and integrating various relief activities are current and continue to be the research hotspots in the field of the emergency supply network. These directions may provide a robust roadmap for future research in this field.

Key words: disaster management, emergency supply network, network analysis, content analysis