关键词: 双积分政策, 积分策略, 分散和集中决策, 收益共享契约

Abstract: As the global climate warms, many countries are beginning to take steps to reduce air pollution using legal means. The European Union plans to reduce 40% of carbon emissions by 2030 compared to 1990, and Canada began a carbon tax on companies that emitted carbon dioxide in 2019. In 2020, the Chinese government set an emission reduction target by 40% in carbon dioxide emission intensity per unit of GDP in 2005. To fulfill their responsibilities to reduce carbon emissions, countries around the world are taking action to contribute to solving severe environmental problems. China also promoted the purchase of new energy vehicles through government subsidies to consumers. With the arrival of the dual-credit policy, the subsidy policy has stopped since then. Since implementing the dual-credit policy, some companies that produce new energy vehicles have reportedly earned thousands of dollars in profits on just one new energy vehicle. Implementing the policy has increased hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue for some companies. However, some car manufacturing companies that produce traditional fuel vehicles have suffered severe losses under the dual-credit policy. In the dual-credit policy context, developing appropriate credit strategies and establishing relationships with dealers have become a central issue for companies. In this paper, we study an automakers’ credit strategy selection problem, and explore the optimal decision problem of automakers and dealers based on the policy. This paper provides a corresponding theoretical basis and practical foundation for automobile manufacturers to respond to the policy in time and the national call, and fulfill their corporate responsibilities, which can promote the rapid development of the automotive industry.
In this paper, the credit trading strategy is set as a direct transaction between automobile manufacturers to obtain or sell new energy credits. The cooperation strategy is a credit strategy selection problem for automobile manufacturers to obtain or sell new energy credits at a particular discount by setting different investment amounts. The transaction strategy is for some automobile manufacturers to purchase credits directly from other automobile manufacturers. When different investment amounts are set, the strategy selection problem of automobile manufacturers is analyzed. The credit trading and cooperation strategies of automobile manufacturers are constructed. We focus on an automobile manufacturer and a dealer and explore the optimal pricing decisions of the automobile manufacturer and dealer based on Stackelberg theory. We obtain the corresponding results by the inverse solution method.In addition, we use a comparative analysis to identify the optimal credit strategy of the automaker and the optimal pricing decision of the supply chain members. We also verify the correctness of our conclusions. Finally, we draw relevant conclusions and lay the foundation for future research.
In the context of dual-credit policy, we study an automobile supply chain that consists of an automobile manufacturer and a dealer. This paper classifies automakers’ access to credit into credit transaction strategies and cooperative strategies based on their different credit strategy choices. In addition we examine how automakers should make decisions with dealers under different credit strategies. The strategies of automakers and dealers are decentralized and centralized strategies, and the optimal decisions for both are explored. The study results show that: (1)Regardless of the automaker’s credit strategy choice, its centralized strategy with dealers is better than the decentralized strategy. (2)When the automaker’s fuel consumption exceeds the standard, obtaining credits will be better for the credit cooperative strategy. An advantage will be more obvious when the company only needs to invest a small amount of money. When the automaker’s fuel consumption does not exceed the standard,selling excess new energy credits will be better for the credit cooperative strategy. An advantage will be more obvious when the company accepts a more considerable amount of investment. (3)Regardless of an automaker’s chosen strategy, the revenue-sharing contract facilitates supply chain coordination.
The credit prices of new energy vehicles affect their sales prices and volumes. In order to better meet carbon reduction targets, the government should establish reasonable credit prices to encourage automakers to produce new energy vehicles, improve consumers’ low-carbon preferences, and encourage consumers to develop a green and environmentally friendly lifestyle. In addition, a strong partnership between automakers and dealers will help to increase sales and achieve a win-win situation for both sides.

Key words: dual-credit policy, credits strategy, decentralized and centralized strategies, revenue-sharing contract